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Understanding the New Chinese Policy of Foreign Direct Investment
- Suggestions for Korean CEOs Who Want to Invest in China –

There are two primary reasons why international companies are interested in entering the Chinese market. One reason is that China has the biggest market on the planet; the other is the relatively low labor cost and highly matured manufacturing industry. However, most companies believe that it is difficult to gain market share, build local presence, or develop partnerships/joint ventures with local companies in China. Based on these concerns, it is necessary to address and understand China¡¯s new policy regarding foreign direct investment. By understanding this new policy international companies will decide more easily if the Chinese market is the right option for them.

China¡¯s absorption of foreign investment is an important aspect of China¡¯s fundamental shift towards opening up to the outside world. After thirty years of great effort, the absorption of foreign capital has increased with upgrades made to China¡¯s law and managerial systems regarding foreign investment, which have been gradually modified and perfected. China has become one of the most attractive markets for investment in the world.

Foreign investments are divided into two categories; direct investment, and other means of investment. Direct investment, which is widely adopted, includes several formats: Sino-foreign joint ventures, joint exploration, exclusively foreign-owned enterprises, foreign-funded share-holding companies, and joint development. The other means of investment include compensation trade, processing, and assembling.

One of the Most Attractive Markets in the World
In the first two months of 2010, China¡¯s foreign direct investment (FDI) increased 14.3 percent from the last five months to 38.9 billion U.S. dollars in June according to China¡¯s Ministry of Commerce. In May alone, China attracted about 8.1 billion US dollars in FDI, a jump of 27.5 percent when compared with the same period the previous year. Up until February, FDI has grown for seven straight months since last August (as shown in Figure 1.) This data shows that China¡¯s robust growth and expanding domestic market makes it a prime candidate for investment and an attractive investment destination.

One of the Most Attractive Markets in the World

In the first two months of 2010, China¡¯s foreign direct investment(FDI) increased 14.3 percent from the last five months to 38.9 billion U.S. dollars in June according to China¡¯s Ministry of Commerce. In May alone, China attracted about 8.1 billion US dollars in FDI, a jump of 27.5 percent when compared with the same period the previous year. Up until February, FDI has grown for seven straight months since last August (as shown in Figure 1.) This data shows that China¡¯s robust growth and expanding domestic market makes it a prime candidate for investment and one of the most attractive investment destinations.
 
Understanding the New Policy of Absorption of Foreign Investment
After reading the new policy, we can understand it in three distinct key points.

First, the adjustment of development-orientated policy makes China no longer the ¡°world¡¯s factory.¡± On one side, the Chinese government keeps on improving the political and legal environment for foreign investment, and enhancing its legal administration ability. On the other side, the absorption of foreign investment now focuses more on high-level manufacturing industry, high-tech industry, modern service industry, new energy industry, and environmentally-friendly industry.

Second, the government will guide foreign investment more towards the Central and Western Regions. Although, the foreign investment rose from 5.2 percent in 1998 to 7.2 percent in 2008, more than 87 percent of foreign investments are directed to the Eastern region of China. This focus of foreign investment in Eastern China weakens its competitive advantage because of its scarcity of land, and rising costs of production and labor. The Central and Western regions are ripe for increased levels of investment with not only government backing with financial support and favorable policy, but also readily claimable low labor costs, ample energy production, and undeveloped land.

Third, the central government is starting to delegate authority to the local government thereby effectively increasing its role in the absorption of foreign investment. Compared to before, the local government now has the power to grant permission to projects that fall in the range of 100 million to 300 million US dollars. This new policy will make the process of application much easier and add a level of convenience.

On one hand, the Chinese government keeps on encouraging foreign investment through means of improving itself and creating a better environment and market. On the other hand, the government also uses legal regulations to establish a better system to perform anti-monopoly checks on mergers and acquisitions.

Suggestions for Korean Companies
Based on the changes of Chinese policy for FDI, we have three suggestions for Korean companies.

First, high technology-based FDI is going to be welcomed. Although the local government gets more authority to permit FDI, this does not ensure that all investments will be permitted. High-technology based investment generally will be more accepted. For example, with the most advanced production line, Hyundai Motor successfully built its second factory in Beijing. Korean companies are known for their highly advanced technologies and modern management skill. Based on these advantages, the investments of Korean companies will find an opportunity to be permitted for their business under Chinese government.

Second, if low labor cost is the reason why you are drawn to the Chinese market then Central and Western China are going to be your best choices. In recent years, the labor cost in Eastern China has sharply increased. Last May, the workers of Honda¡¯s factory went on strike for higher wages. Similarly this past June, Foxconn increased its wages by 30%. Both of these cases underline a growing trend and suggest it is better to open factories in Central and Western China. Additionally, these regions have abundant untapped natural resources, and the local government will provide more favorable rights to investors in these regions. Because of these circumstances, some companies have already relocated their factories to Central China. For example, HP built its factory in Wuhan, Hubei province, and Foxconn is planning to build a factory with 300,000 workers in Zhengzhou, Henan Province.

Third, Korean companies have to pay close attention to the fact that the Chinese government reviews all the M&A activities. It is best to avoid the possibility of being considered a monopoly. In 2008, the Chinese government refused Coca Cola¡¯s acquisition request of Huiyuan, the biggest juice company in China, overturning an M&A contract already agreed upon by both companies. Thus, for Korean companies, the best way to raise market share in China is to develop a joint venture partnership with local companies already established in China.

In summary, before opening business in Chinese market, Korean companies should consider why they are entering China¡¯s market, as well as understand Chinese policy for foreign investment.


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